Common Entrance Test(CET)

The Common entrance test is conducted by the karnataka government for student seeking admission to first years or first semenster of full-time course in medical, dental and engineering in professional colleges under the state government share CET is generally held during may.

Academic Eligibility:

·
Candidates must have passed second year PUC or Class 12 examination
· For Engg/B.tech.B.Arch. Course: Students students should have passed 2nd   PUC/Class 12th or equivalent exam with physics and maths along with   chemistry/bio-tech/Comp. Science/Electronic/info science/biology as optional   subject with English as one of the languages of study and obtained atleast 45%   marks in optional subject (35% for SC/ST/ Category I).Students aspiring for a   course in architecture have to pass an aptitude test.
· For medical/Dental/Ayurveda/ Homeopathy/unani/naturopathy/yoga courses:   candidate should have passed karanataka 2nd PUC /Class/ 12 equivalent exam   with PCB as optional subject with English as a language of study and obtained   atleast 50% marks in PCB group (40% for SC/CT/Category I). For dental   course, 50% marks in optional subjects including English is required
· Age : Applicants should have completed 17 years on 31st Dec. of the year in   which adminssion is sought..

     
 Comed
COMEDK has been formed by Karnataka Private Medical & Dental Colleges Association and Karnataka Un-aided Private Engineering Colleges Association. COMEDK organizes a common entrance test for candidates who want to pursue undergraduate courses in Medical, Engineering and Dental studies in Karnataka, in colleges run by member institutions of the consortium. Applicants are request to make separate applications to the colleges to their choice when applications are invited.

Academic Eligibility:

MBBS & BDS: Applicants should have passed 2nd PUC/Class 12 or Equivalent Exam with PCB as optional subjects and English as a languages of study and obtained at least 50% marks in PCB group and English.
Age: Applicants should have completed 17 years on 31st Dec. of the year in which admission is sought.

BE: Applicants should have passed 2nd PUC/Class 12 or Equivalent Exam with physics and Maths as compulsory subjects with Chemistry/Biotechnology/Computer Sci/Electronics/Information Science/Biology as optional subjects and English as a language of study and obtained at least 35% marks in the optional subjects.

B.Arch
: Applicants should have passed 2nd PUC/Class 12 or Equivalent Exam with Mathematics and English as compulsory subjects and obtained at least 50% marks in aggregate in all subjects or as stipulated by the Architecture Council of India.

   
Common Admission
   
Common Admission Test (CAT) is jointly conducted by the six Indian Institutes of Management on a yearly basis for admission to their Postgraduate Programmes (PGP) and Fellow Prgrammes in Management (FPM). The examination, generally held in December, is conducted at the following centres: Ahmedabad, Bangalroe, Bhopla, Bhubanseswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahti, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jamshedpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Pune, Tiruchirpalli and Vijayawada,
The exam is conducted once a year on the second Sunday of December. To sit for the exam one must be a graduate or studying in the final year. Advertisements for the exam start appearing in the national dailies as early as August. The center for the examination is allotted accoriding to the preference of the candidate.

Academic Eligibility

· Applicant should have at least a three-year Bachelor’s degree in any discipline   obtained through the 10+2+3 system or an equivalent qualification recognized by   the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) as eligible for postgraduate studies.
· Candidates appearing for final year Bachelor’s degree examination can also apply.   Such candidates, if selected, will be allowed to provisionally join the programme   only if they submit a certificate latest by June of year of admission from   Principal/Registrar of their College/Institute stating they have appeared for the   examinations (including practicals) in all the subjects required for obtaining the   Bachelor’s degree.
· Further, they must produce the marksheet and certificate of having passed   Bahelor’s degree before the registration date of the second term in October of the   year of admission. Non-fulfillment of theses requirements will automatically result   in cancellation of provisional admission.
· Candidates with relevant managerial work experience are especially encouraged to   apply.
· Notifications for various MBA Entrance Examination are published in the media   starting August/September.

MANAGEMENT APTITUDE TEST (MAT)

Since 1988, MAT is conducted on a national basis under All India Management Aptitude Testing Service (AIMATS). MAT has become popular with over 100 AICTE approved Institutions & Universities departments and is now a national-level aptitude test. Candidate who wish to join AIMA’s Post Graduate Diploma Programmes need Management Association (AIMA) for admission to diploma and degree courses to institutions reconginsed by AICTE. Programmes being in January and July.

Admission Process:

Applicants are considered in the order in which they are received. Therefore, applicants must submit their application as early as possible. The Admission Process is usually held during April, May, September and December of each year. All applicants will be personally informed about Test Venue and Date.
All successful candidates will be sent Letter of Offer within seven days of date of interview. Instructions on how to complete the administrative process once on an offer has been made will be sent along with Letter.

Academic Eligibility:

Candidates should be a Graduate in any discipline form a recongised university. Final year Degree Course students can also apply.

Admission to professional colleges in undergraduate courses in engg/medical/dental in Karnataka….

The procedure is not very clearly spelt out for this year. CET and COMEDK are the only two mechanisms for admission to professional colleges in the State. For Karnataka students, CET offered Govt. quota seats. For management seats, certain colleges accepted CET merit only. This included Karnataka and non-Karnataka students. But certain colleges conducted a separate examination called COMEDK. COMEDK is an independent organization which conducted this examination for Karnataka and non-Karnataka students. Certain colleges accepted the merit based on COMEDK which included MSRIT, and our medical and dental colleges. This year, Govt. has announced that CET will be for Karnataka students only. COMEDK has not yet issued any notification.
Admission to a professional college without appearing for CET and COMEDK….
This depends on rules made by Government. Last year, it was either CET or COMEDK.
Reason for CET not allowing non-Karnataka students….
If Government of Karnataka is not allowing on-Karnataka students, the question has to be put to them. It is not possible for me to comment on that. They may wish to take care of local students and their conditions and may leave it to the management to cater to non-Karnataka students.

Way out for hundreds of students who come to Karnataka for higher education….

They will have opportunities under management quota. If some colleges decide to conduct a separate entrance test, then students from the State and outside will have to take that test. I am sure, there will be some mechanism available for non-Karnataka students for admission to private colleges. A Supreme Court decision is expected in this regard. If it provides certain guidelines, then everybody has to operate within them. It is a moot point that the judgment would be unambiguous for all concerned parties to understand it the same way.

Seat sharing ratio between Govt. and Management….

Several private college managements feel they should have total control over admission for all their seats. The Govt. will not accept that as it thinks meritorious but poor students may find this disadvantageous. So the government wants to retain some percentage of seats for such students. The seat sharing ratio is yet to be decided for this year. Last year it was 25% for management quota seats.

Process for filling NRI quota seats….

CET and COMEDK tests are not available for NRI or foreign students. AICTE had provided 15% intake in each branch to be filled by NRI or foreign students. On receiving applications, eligibility is determined by the University.

Reason for differential fee structure even for Government quota seats….

For Engineering colleges to provide high quality technical education, a lot of money is required. Certain amount of funds are required to provide and maintain infrastructure for quality education. Colleges have to maintain highly qualified and experienced staff. If fees collected from students averages Rs. 50,000 per year and if Government says it is uniform, then all students must pay the same amount.
But the Govt. thinks that for a certain segment of society, fees should be less than the average. This difference will have to be made good either by institutes themselves or the government. When the latter is not in a position to subsidize, they will ask colleges to charge higher fees from certain categories of students. This is called cross subsidy. Last year, they made a three-tier fee structure. For management quota seats, fees fixed was Rs. 1 lakh, Karnataka students of higher category were charged Rs. 50,000 while poor and meritorious students were charged Rs. 10,000. Most private management will accept a uniform fee structure though they are aware a certain section of students may not be able to pay the average fees. For this, they institute scholarship schemes.

Govt. legislation governing entrance tests….

Last year, it was agreed by all parties concerned that CET and COMEDK would be the only valid tests. General requirement of all processes should be transparent.

RECOGNIZING / GOVERNING BODIES

Recognizing / Governing Bodies are responsible for recognition of courses, promotion of professional institutions and providing grants for undergraduate programmes and various awards. These are nodal agencies for giving recognitions to institutions or calling for extension of recognition. It is important that students verify if the institutions they are joining are recognized or not. The Recognising Bodies set the standards for institutions to carry out the courses. The statutory professional councils are:

ALL INDIA COUNCIL FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION (AICTE)
Corporate Office:-

I.G. Sports, complex, I.P, Estate, New Delhi-110002
Ph: 011 2292563-339273-75 fax:011 3392554,
E-mail: ifc@aicte.ernet.in

Regional Office:
University Campus I1 palace road Banglore-560009\
Ph:080 22205979, 22205919
www.aicte.ernet.net, www.nba-aicte.org

AICTE was established by Act 52 of 1987 passed by parliament for planned, coordinated and integrated development of technical education and regulation & maintenance of standards in the technical education system in India, AICTE is responsible for talking appropriate steps to prevent commercialization of technical education at all levels. It is illegal to conduct technical courses without statutory approval from AICTE as per AICTE norms, unapproved courses are not valid for employment in govt/govt aided organization.

· It lay down norms and standards for courses, curriculum, physical, institutes   facilities, staff pattern and quantity, quality instruction, assessment and   examination.
· It provides guidelines for admission, fixes norms & guidelines for charging tuition &   other fees.
· It can withhold or discontinue approval & accreditation of courses / courses in   institutes of university if norms are not followed properly

The AICTE has published a directory of technical institutions approved for conducting technical courses and is available at its headquarters new delhi and its 7 regional offices at chandihgarh, kanpur, kolkata, bopal, mumbai, bangalore nad chennai. The approved list of technical institutions and courses is also available in the AICTE website.
AICTE ‘Accreditation’: it means recognition and guarantee of minimum quality.

National Board of Accreditation (NBA)

The AICTE’s NBA aims to make sure that programs offered by technical institutions are on par with programs offered by institution across USA and Europe. It periodically conducts evaluations on basis of guideline , norms and standards specified by it and recommends the council regarding recognition or de-recognition of an institution or programs Its new grading system came into effect from January 2003. programs that score more than 650-750 will be accredited for 3 years and those with score more than 650 will be not accredited institutions with a score between 650-750 will be accredited for 5 years .

NATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION COUNCIL (NAAC)

2/4, Dr. Rajkumar road p.o. box no. 1075, Rajajinaga, Bangalore –560010, India
Ph: 080-23124045, 23120046, 23124048: fax:080-2312 4047 E-mail:naac@blr.vsnl.net.in www.naac-india .com

NAAC was established by UGC to access and accredit institutions of higher education in India. The National policy on education (1986) and plan of action (POA-1992) advocated the establishment of an independent national accreditation body. Consequantly,the NAAC established in 1994 with its headquarters at bangalore


The vision of NAAC is to make quality the defining element of higher education in India through a combination of self and external quality evaluation , promotion and sustenance initiatives.

NAAC’s Mission statements define its key tasks:

To arrange for periodic assessment and accrediation of institutions of higher education or units ther of , or specific academic programmes or projects.
To stimulate the academic environment for promotion of quality teaching – learning and research in higher– learning and research in higher education institutions.
To encourage self-evaluation, accountability, autonomy and innovations in higher education.
To undertake quality – related research studies, consultancy and training programs
To collaborate with other stakeholders of higher education for quality evaluation, promotion and sustenance.

Assessment & Accreditation:

Assessment is performance evaluation of an institution while Accreditation is assessing its performances on set parameters.

Benefits of Accreditation:

ü Helps the institution to know its strengths, weakness and opportunities
ü Provides funding agencies objective data for performance funding.
ü Initiates institutions into innovative and modern methods of pedagogy.
ü Provides reliable information on quality of education offered.
ü Employers have access to information on quality of education offered to potential    recruitees.

Assessment & Accreditation given by NAAC is valid for a period of 5 years and revalidation exercise will be initiated at the end of 4th year. Any university or colleges affiliated to the university departments with 5 years of standing or output of 2 batches can seek departmental accreditation. NAAC has identified these seven criteria as the basis for its assessment: Curricular Aspects, Teaching-Learning and evaluation, research, Consultancy and Extension, infrastructure and learning resources, Student Support and Progression, organization and management, healthy practices.

Type of Accreditation includes institutional Accreditation: it evaluates overall function of the institution, its central governance structure and all department /Centre. It has two parts :
· university: university central governance Structure a long with all under graduate   post graduate departments.
· College: any department/School /center of the University

Departmental Accreditation focuses on the functioning of the department considering it to be an independent entity and lays emphasis on the subject per se with the backdrop of the institution as a whole

Grading System

The 7 criteria have been allotted differential weightages. If overall score is more than 55%, the institution gets the “Accredited” status and any score less than that will lead to “Non Accredited” status. The accredited institutions are graded ona nine- point scale:

Old grading system

Institutional score
(upper limit exclusive) Grade

75-100  A*****
70-75    A****
65-70    A***
60-65    A**
55-60    A*

*Note: the grading system is not comparable with the new.

New Grading system
Institutional score
(upper limit exclusive) Grade


95-100 A++
90-95   A+
85-90   A
80-85   B++
75-80   B+
70-75   B
65-70   C++
60-65   C+
55-60   C

Medical Council of India (MCI)

Aiwan –E- Galib Marg, kotla road, Opp. Mata sundari college for women, near, I,T,O new delhi-110002. India Ph: 011-23232618,23236081,23235178. Fax: 011-23236604. E-mail mci@del3.vsnl.net.in. URL: www.mciindia.org.

MCI, established in 1934 under Indian Medical Council Act. 1933, aims to establish uniform standards of higher qualifications in medicine and recognition of medical qualifications in India and abroad. This Act was re-enacted in 1956 and modified in 1964, 1993 and 2001.

Functions & Objectives:

1. Inspection / Visitation:
The MCI carries out inspection/visitation to maintain proper standards of medical education in India.

The MCI appoints medical inspector to inspect any medical institution, college, hospital or other medical institutions or attend any exam held, to recommend to the Central Government for recognition of medical qualifications granted by that institution.

The medical inspectors report about staff, equipment, accommodation, training facilities, or on sufficiency of exams they attend.
The MCI forwards a copy of any such report to the university or medical institution concerned and also to the Central Government

2. Permission to start new medical colleges:

The following are eligible to apply for permission to set up a medical college: A State Government /Union Territory, a University an autonomous body promoted by Central and State Government or under a Statute for the purpose of medical education, a society registered under the Societies Registration Act, a public, religious or charitable trust registered under the Trust Act.

· The medical college / institution should be a recognized body to start higher   courses in medical colleges/institutions. The medical college/institution should   conform to MCI guidelines.
· Evaluation & grant of permission by MCI: MCI evaluates applications as per its   norms & guidelines for medical education in India. The Central Government, on the   Council’s recommendations, may issue a Letter of Intent to open a new medical   college or a new course and then grant formal permission.
· Withdrawal of recognition: MCI recommends the withdrawal of recognition if it finds   that courses of study, examinations, proficiency required from candidates in such   exams or facilities for instruction provided, do not conform to its standards.

3. Recognition / De-Recognition:

· Indian Qualifications: Recognition of Medical Qualification is granted by universities   or medical institutions in India. Medical qualifications granted by any university or   medical institution in India included in the first Schedule (MCI Gazette) shall be   recognized.
· Any university or medical institution which grants a medical qualification not   included in the Frist Schedule (MCI Gazette) may apply to the Central Govt., to   have such qualifications recognized.
· Foreign Qualifications: Medical qualifications granted by medical institutions outside   India included in Second Schedule (MCI Gazette) are recognized medical   qualifications in India. Countries, which recognized medical qualification by MCI,   have a system of reciprocality.


4. Indian Medical Register:

All India Medical Register has mentions of persons who hold any of the recognized medical qualification or for the time being registered with any of the State Medical Councils or Medical Council of India.

5. Registration:

· Provisional Registration is issued to candidates with recognized medical   qualifications from Indian Universities to undergo one year internship training.
· Permanent Registration is issued to candidates with recognized medical   qualifications fro Indian Universities, provided he surrenders the Provisional   Registration certificate (in original) and Internship Completion Certificate.
· Conditional Provisional Registration is issued to candidates with recognized foreign   medical qualification to undergo one year internship Registration of Additional   Qualification: If any person whose name is already in the Register obtains any   recognized medical title, diploma or other qualification, he shall write an application   stating the old qualification be substituted or the new one added to the previous   entries. Good Standing Certificates are issued to doctors going abroad based on   their performance and past records.

Dental Council of India (DCI)

Aiwan-E-Galib Marg, Kotla Road, Temple lan e, New delhi-110002, India
Ph:01123238542, 23236740, Fax:0011-23231252, E-mail:dci@dcindia.org. url www.dcindia.org

DCI was established under The Dentists Act, 1948 (XVI of 1948) of parliament to regulate dental education throughout India. DCI Carries out inspection /visitation to maintain proper standards of dental education in India.

Permission to start new course including post graduate or higher course & increase of seats:

· The following organization can apply for permission to set up a dental colleges: a   State government/union Territory, a university, an autonomous body promoted by   central and State government or society registered under Societies Registration Act   or a public, religious or charitable trust registered under the trust Act.

· The dental college/institution should have recognition and should conform to DCI   guidelines. Evaluation & grant of permission by DCI: DCI evaluates applications as   per its norms & guideline, carries out inspection and makes recommendation to   central which issues a letter of intent to open a new college or course and grant   formal permission.

· Withdrawal of recognition: The DCI recommends withdrawal of recognition if the   course of study or examinations, condition for admission or standards of   proficiency required in these exam are not in conformity with DCI regulation

Recognition/De-Recoganition:


Indian qualification: Dental qualification granted by any authority or institution in indian included in part I of the Schedule shall be recognized. Any authority institution which grant a dental qualification not included in first schedule (DCI Gazette) may apply to the central goverment to have such qualifica recognized.

Foreign Qualificaion: Dental qualification granted by any authority or institution outside india, included in second schedule (DCI Gazette) shall be recognized only for purposes of registration of citizens of india i.e. Qualification granted by countries which has a recipocal arrangement.

There are special provisions in certain cases for recognition of qualifications granted by dental institutions in countries with which there is no scheme of reciprocity.

India Dental Register: The council maintains the indian Dentists Register consisting of entreis in all State register of Dentist.

Registration:

Any recognised dental qualification is sufficient for registration. No one is entitled to be enrolled in any register as a dentist ofr dental hygeinist unless he holds a recognised qualification or as a dental mechanic unless he has undergone training which meets the prescribed requirements.

Dental qualifications granted by any authority or institution outside India, included in Third Schedule (DCI Gazette) shall be recognized qualification but no person possessing any such qualification shall be entitled for regitration unless he is a citizen of india.

INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC)


Combined Councils Building
Temple lane, New Delhi, INDIA
Ph:23235619, 23220075,
Fax: 23236140

INC, constituted under Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947, is responsible for regulation and maintenance of a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives, auxilliary nurse-midwives and health visitors. It prescribes the syllabus and regulations for various nursing courses.

Functions & Objectives: INC appoints inspectors to inspect any institution recoganized as a training institution,and toattend examinations held to grant recognised qualification. Inspector report on adequacy of training in the institution, or on sufficiency of examination held for permission start new nursing colleges, an institution has to provide details of facilities like accommodation area, qualification, experience and number of teaching staff, staff-students ratio, non teaching staff, equipment, museum, library etc.
THe council makes enquiries to confirm if the course and exam coforms to its regulation for purpose of registration.
T to start new course and exams to be gone through to obtain a recognition to start higher courses and should conform to INC guidlines.
withrawal of recoginition: The INC informs the goverment of the state in which the authority or institution is situated if it finds:
The Courses and exams to be gone through to obtain a recognized qualification in any State or conditions for admission, standards of proficiency required from candidates at these examination are not in conformity with its regulations and that a recoganised institutiondoes not stisfy the requirments of the Council.
Recognition/De-Recognition:

Indian Qualification: qualifications granted by any authority or institute in india, included in part I (INC Gazette) of the Schedule shall be recognized qualifications and qualification included in part II (INC Gazette) of the Schedule Shall be recognized as higher qualifications.

Foreign Qualification: INC may enter into negotiations with a foriegn country for a sheme of reciprocity for recognised as qualifications and in pursuance of such scheme, it may declare a qualification granted by any authority in any country as a recognised qualification.

Indian Nurses Register: The Council maintains a indian Nurses Register of nurses, midwifes, auxilliary nurse midwifes health visitors or public health nurse.

PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA (PCI)

Combined Council's Building, Aiwan-E-=Galib Marg
Kotla Road, New Delhi-110002, India
Ph:011 23239184, 23231348, Fax: 011 23239184.
E-mail:pci@nbd.vsnl.net.in

The pharmacy education and profession in india upto graduate level is controlled by pharmacy Council of india S(PCI), a statutory body governed by the Pharmacy Act, 1948 passed by parliamnet. The following power & responsiblities are granted PCI under Act:
Prescribe Minimum Stadndard of Education: PCI ensure uniform implementation of educational Standards throughout india and frame guidelines in these areas: Establishment of facilities in instutions offering pharmacy (2 Years course after 10+2 followed by 500 hours of practical training spread over spread over a period of 3 months). however B.pharm. degree holders (4 years after 10+2) can also register a pharmacist and PCI apporves conduct of Diploma and Degree Courses for registration as a pharmacist.

Uniform Implementation of Education Standards: PCI ensure uniform implementation of educational standards through out india and frames guidelines in these area: Establishment of facilities in institions offering pharmacy courses, Conditions for admission to courses, Duration of the Cours, Selection of students, Dental Curriculum and Migration and Transfer of Students from one dental College to another .
Institutions must fulfill these conditions for Approval of Course of Study: Details of infrastructural facilities like accommodation area, qualification, experience, number of faculty, staff-student ratio, non teaching staff, equipments, museum, library etc.
PCI can withdraw Approval if the approved course or exam fails to conform to its prescribed standard. The Council issues notice for withdrwal of approval giving 3 months time ti the institution
PCI may Approved qualification granted outside territories of phrmancy Act including foriegn qualification if its according to norms

Maintenance of Central register of pharmacists:PCI maintains a register mentioning the names of registred pharmacists. registration under the pharmacy Act, a conditions

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka has a geographical jurisdiction of the whole state of Karnataka covering more than 270 Health Sciences Institutions, representing faculties of Medical, Dental, Indian System of Medicines, Pharmacy, Nursing and other Paramedical courses.

The University was initially setup as an affiliating body and in a phase program, it envisaged developing a campus of its own for advanced teaching, training and research in specialized fields of the Health Sciences. The university has established a Curriculum Development Cell, Research Center and Library & Information Center for the development of knowledge in the filed of health sciences and to promote qualitative education and standards. Most importantly, the university is striving to be a facilitator of high quality Health Science education rather than just remaining as an affiliating and examining body.

The objective of the University is to upgrade standards of teaching, research, publication and dissemination of the knowledge in all branches of health sciences and bring all health science institution under one umbrella to standardized and upgrade education. About13,000 under graduate, 2000 post graduate students and 30 Super Specialty students are admitted into different faculties of health sciences from this university every year. About 10,000 teachers are engaged in different faculties of health sciences in this university.

This section on Health Sciences will provide all relevant information for all including those who want to come to Bangalore and Karnataka to pursue studies in any of the Health Sciences disciplines. The University is located at: Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Karnataka,Genral Hospital Complex,4th ‘T’ Block, Jayangar,Bangalore-560041.URL:www.rguhs.ac.in

   
   
 
Course
Subjects
% of marks obtained in 10+2 class by GM Students
% of marks obtained in 10+2 class by SC/ST
Bachelor of Medicince & Bachelor of surgery (M.B.Bs) PCB Pass in PCBE 50% 40%
Bachelor of Dentistry (B.D.S) PCBE 50% 40%
Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) PCB/PCM 50% 40%
Bachelor in Ayurvedic (B.A.M.S) PCB or BOT & Z (with PCB pass in PUC) 50% B.sc-I or B.sc 50% 40%
Bachelor homeopathy (B.H.M.S) PCB 50% 40%
Bachelor in Unani (B.U.M.S) PCB 50% 40%
B.Sc Nursing PCB 45% 50%
Bachelor in Physiotheraphy (B.P.T) PCB 45% 40%
B.Sc Medical Laboratory PCB PASS PASS
B.Sc Radiography PCB (Maths Studied) 40% 35%
B.Sc Allied Science Any combination with two pf P,C,B,Bot,Z, Biochem, Micro PASS PASS
 
   
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